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Pipturus forbesii

Krajina (1930)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Pipturus

māmake [mamake], māmaki [mamaki]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Spreading, branched shrubs 3–6 m tall; branches stout, with brown bark, hispid with white hairs 0.6–1.5 mm long.

Stems: Watery sap.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, closely spaced, with many short, leafy lateral branches along stem with very reduced leaves. Blades ovate, 2–7 cm long, 1.5–3.5 cm wide. Apex acute. Base cuneate. Surfaces sparsely hirsute, moderately hispid along the veins, the hairs spreading, areoles densely woolly pubescent, white pilose toward base, persistent;, principal leaves thick and coriaceous; upper surfaces dark green, cystoliths numerous, conspicuous. Margins coarsely serrate. veins strongly raised, veins usually red, strongly impressed. Petioles 0.2–1.5 cm long. Stipules coriaceous, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 4.5 mm wide.

Flowers: Flowers in clusters ca. 5–7 mm in diameter. Plants unisexual, apparently dioecious. Calyx of pistillate flowers 1.4–1.5 mm long enlarging to 1.8–2 mm long in fruit, densely hispid. Corolla (petals) absent. Staminate flower filaments incurved in bud, elastically reflexed when pollen is shed; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), psuedomonomerous, 1-celled; ovule 1, placentation basal; style 1. Staminate flower ovary vestigial and sterile.

Fruit: Achenes pale yellow or grayish brown; conical– ovoid; 1.2–1.3 mm long. Seeds 1 per achene.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in upper elevation wet forest and subalpine shrubland.

Elevation Range: 1,525–1,860 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 1525-1860 m
  • Description digitized by Olivia Kraus
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 9(3): 6 (1930)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1309 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pipturus forbesii Krajina nw side of koolau gap, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, ordonez & -- salucop 12586 Maui US 8/20/1939
2 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Honomanu E gulch, TNC Waikamoi Preserve boundary w/ E Maui Irrigation in deeply carved drainages PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & S. P. Perlman 6646 Maui US 8/27/1997
3 Pipturus forbesii Krajina koolau gap, haleakala, e maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 1619 Maui US 6/12/1970
4 Pipturus forbesii Krajina e maui, ainahou area of koolau gap set forest; weeds PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, s. p. perlman & j. lau 6602 Maui US 8/13/1997
5 Pipturus forbesii Krajina koolau forest reserve, 1 mi nw puu alaea, haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. baldwin 13 Maui US 11/23/1943
6 Pipturus forbesii Krajina e. maui, e kopili` ula. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & f. quitazol 11332 Maui US 5/5/2005
7 Pipturus forbesii Krajina makawao district, eastern honomanu. Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, p. bily, h. l. oppenheimer & k. m. bustamente 15049 Maui US 6/26/2012
8 Pipturus forbesii Krajina eastern end haleakala crater, in upper kaupo gap 0.50 mi s of paliku cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 3502 Maui US 6/16/1969
9 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Haleakala, in Koolau Gap Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilbur, R.L. 973 Maui BISH 7/2/1948
10 Pipturus forbesii Krajina honomanu e gulch, tnc waikamoi preserve boundary w/ e maui irrigation in deeply carved drainages PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & s. p. perlman 6646 Maui US 8/27/1997
11 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, koolau gap, ainahou Metrosideros, Ilex, Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Rubus macraei, Pipturus, Cibotium glaucum, Thelypteris sandwicensis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. perlman, s.; lau, j. collector number: 6602 Maui BISH 8/13/1997
12 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Honomanu E gulch, Waikamoi Metrosideros, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera, Pipturus, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteris excelsa, Sadleria, Asplenium, Scaevola chamissoniana, Touchardia latifolia, Labordia hirtella, Astelia, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Clermontia tuberculata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. Perlman, S. Collector Number: 6646 Maui BISH 8/27/1997
13 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, hana district, e end haleakala crater, in upper kaupo gap, 1/2 mi s of paliku cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3502 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1969
14 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east of ukulele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 979.m Maui BISH 7/30/1919
15 Pipturus forbesii Krajina MAUI: E. Maui, east Kopili`ula, Acacia-Metrosideros, 50% open 7m canopy, understory of uluhe mat ferns dissected by riparian veg with `ohia & Cheirodendron, understory of Ilex, Clermontia arborescens, Scaevola chamissoniana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope spp, Hedyotis spp, Coprosma spp, Perrottetia, and Broussaisia, shrubs of Vaccinium, Styphelia, Cyrtandra, and Rubus hawaiensis, ferns and bryophytes are common PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 11332 Maui PTBG 5/5/2005
16 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, hana district, haleakala crater, kaupo gap, valley on w side 2 mi n of holua cave Wet forest at tree line. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 21283 Maui BISH 9/2/1945
17 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East of Ukulele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 979.M Maui BISH 7/30/1919
18 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Western Piinaau headwaters. Metrosideros montane wet forest below subalpine shrubland and montane mesic forest W/ Cheirodendron, Rubus hawaiiensis, Ilex, Myrsine lessertiana, Sadleria cyatheoides, Coprosma montana, Atherium microphyllum, Lycopodium venustulum, Polypodium pellucidum, Polystichum bonseyi, Dryop. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 14246 Maui BISH 6/9/2010
19 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Makawao District, Eastern Honomanu. Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood, P. Bily, H. L. Oppenheimer & K. M. Bustamente 15049 Maui US 6/26/2012
20 Pipturus forbesii Krajina western piinaau headwaters. Metrosideros montane wet forest below subalpine shrubland and montane mesic forest W/ Cheirodendron, Rubus hawaiiensis, Ilex, Myrsine lessertiana, Sadleria cyatheoides, Coprosma montana, Atherium microphyllum, Lycopodium venustulum, Polypodium pellucidum, Polystichum bonseyi, Dryop. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. oppenheimer, h.; bily, p. collector number: 14246 Maui BISH 6/9/2010
21 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, haleakala, in koolau gap Rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilbur, r.l. webster, g.l. collector number: 973 Maui BISH 7/2/1948
22 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, E Kopiliula Acacia-Metrosideros, 50% open 7m canopy, understory of uluhe mat ferns dissected by riparian veg with `ohia & Cheirodendron, understory of Ilex, Clermontia arborescens, Scaevola chamissoniana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope spp, Hedyotis spp, Coprosma spp, Perrottetia, and Broussaisia, shrubs of Vaccinium, Styphelia, Cyrtandra, and Rubus hawaiensis, ferns and bryophytes are common. Occasional along steam drainages with Pipturus albidus. Feral pigs; seed predation by rats; Clidemia hirta, Tibouchina herbacea, Rubus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 11332 Maui BISH 5/5/2005
23 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, hana district, haleakala crater, kaupo gap, 1st cove s of waikekeehia Wooded knoll in meadow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 21200 Maui BISH 8/27/1945
24 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Honomanu E gulch, Waikamoi Metrosideros, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera, Pipturus, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteris excelsa, Sadleria, Asplenium, Scaevola chamissoniana, Touchardia latifolia, Labordia hirtella, Astelia, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Clermontia tuberculata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 6646 Maui BISH 8/27/1997
25 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala Crater, Kaupo Gap, 1st cove S of Waikekeehia Wooded knoll in meadow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 21200 Maui BISH 8/27/1945
26 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Makawao District, Koolau FR, east fork of Honomanu Stream. Site is 2000 meters west of Koolau Gap, the limit of this taxon's known range. Vegetaion: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Kadua, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Cibotium, Clermontia, Pipturus, Urera, Lobelia, Sadleria, Carex, Peperomia, Dubautia, Pilea, Deschampsia, Prunella, Rubus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H91415 Maui BISH 9/24/2014
27 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, hana district, haleakala crater, e kaupo gap In shady gully. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 415 Maui BISH 6/27/1983
28 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala Crater, Kaupo Gap, valley on W side 2 mi N of Holua Cave Wet forest at tree line. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 21283 Maui BISH 9/2/1945
29 Pipturus forbesii Krajina keanae(?) side(?) of crater of haleakala low basalt tide pools, ridge line; Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria pallida, Phymatosorus grossus, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Scaevola sericea, Pandanus tectorius, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Carex wahuensis, Cyperus phleoides, Cyperus polystachyos; S basalt shelf in sea spray PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1034m Maui BISH 8/3/1919
30 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Koolau Gap, Ainahou Metrosideros, Ilex, Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Rubus macraei, Pipturus, Cibotium glaucum, Thelypteris sandwicensis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 6602 Maui BISH 8/13/1997
31 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, e kopiliula Harbor. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. quitazol, f. collector number: 11332 Maui BISH 5/5/2005
32 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Keanae(?) side(?) of Crater of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1034M Maui BISH 8/3/1919
33 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve, 1 mi NW Puu Alaea, Haleakala Exposure, thin organic soil. Frequent, widespread in closed, wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baldwin, P.H. 13 Maui BISH 11/23/1943
34 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Hana District, E end Haleakala Crater, in upper Kaupo Gap, 1/2 mi S of Paliku Cabin Growing on margin of small kipuka near pali. With Metrosideros, Ilex, Eupatorium, Dryopteris, Peperomia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3502 Maui BISH 6/16/1969
35 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, koolau forest reserve, 1 mi nw puu alaea, haleakala Exposure, thin organic soil. Frequent, widespread in closed, wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baldwin, p.h. collector number: 13 Maui BISH 11/23/1943
36 Pipturus forbesii Krajina east maui, honomanu e gulch, waikamoi Metrosideros, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera, Pipturus, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteris excelsa, Sadleria, Asplenium, Scaevola chamissoniana, Touchardia latifolia, Labordia hirtella, Astelia, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Clermontia tuberculata PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. perlman, s. collector number: 6646 Maui BISH 8/27/1997
37 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala Crater, E Kaupo Gap In shady gully. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 415 Maui BISH 6/27/1983
38 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Makawao District, eastern Honomanu Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest with Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Gunnera, Dryopteris wallichiana, Pteris excelsa, Sadleria spp, Asplenium spp, Scaevola chamissoniana, Labordia hirtella, Astelia menziesiana, Cl PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 15049 Maui BISH 6/26/2012
39 Pipturus forbesii Krajina NW side of Koolau Gap, Haleakala Extremely rainy region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 12586 Maui BISH 8/20/1939
40 Pipturus forbesii Krajina nw side of koolau gap, haleakala Extremely rainy region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. ordonez, salucop, f. collector number: 12586 Maui BISH 8/20/1939
41 Pipturus forbesii Krajina makawao district, eastern honomanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. bily, p., oppenheimer, h., bustamente, k. collector number: 15049 MPM 6/26/2012
42 Pipturus forbesii Krajina MAUI: Ainahou area of Koolau Gap, east Maui in Metrosideros wet forest with Ilex, Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Rubus macreae, Pipturus, Cibotium glauca, Thelypteris sandwicensis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6602 Maui PTBG 8/13/1997
43 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Western Piinaau headwaters. Metrosideros montane wet forest below subalpine shrubland and montane mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14246 Maui PTBG 6/9/2010
44 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Honomanu east gulch, TNC Waikamoi Preserve boundary with East Maui Irrigation in deeply carved drainages. Metrosideros wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6646 Maui PTBG 8/27/1997
45 Pipturus forbesii Krajina Eastern Honomanu. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 15049 Maui PTBG 6/26/2012
46 Pipturus forbesii Krajina East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve. East fork of Honomanu Stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H91415 Maui PTBG 9/24/2014
47 Pipturus forbesii Krajina E. Maui, tributary of west fork of Hanawi Stream. In open sites on moderate slopes and gulches. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H100615 Maui PTBG 10/11/2006
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